does the dermis regenerate quickly

This middle layer of skin: Has collagen and elastin: Collagen is a protein that makes skin cells strong and resilient. These columns will stimulate the skin, encouraging it to regenerate and repair itself. First, red blood cells form a blood clot, which helps stop the bleeding and creates a temporary barrier that prevents pathogens from getting into the open wound. Similarly, you may ask, how long does it take for skin to regenerate? As mentioned earlier, one example is when you get sunburned. human skin - human skin - The epidermis: The epidermis is thicker on the palms and soles than it is anywhere else and is usually thicker on dorsal than on ventral surfaces. 2009. a new technology was introduced to medical aesthetics – ultrasound waves. Cells or tissue regenerate naturally after a specific period of time The epidermis is constantly shedding layers and replacing them. Interestingly, it is precisely because the pattern is “encoded at the interface between the dermis and epidermis,” that it becomes nearly permanent and “cannot be destroyed by superficial skin injuries.”[3] Fingerprint Regeneration. Epidermal only wounds are typically less severe than those affecting the dermis and so stages of the wound healing response may be missed. Human skin has the ability to regenerate itself approximately every 27 days. The liver does one thing incredibly well: regenerate itself. How Does The Skin Regenerate? The process of skin renewal occurs through exfoliation. fibroblasts quickly regenerate and form dense fibrous mass- this must be replaced by normal tissue or a scar results. cornea. How does the skin regenerate itself? Finally, the even deeper subcutis houses fat that serves as a fuel source as well as a cushion in the event of falls and other trauma. In fact, your skin will regenerate itself approximately every 27 days. Once the invading microorganisms have been brought under control, the skin proceeds to heal itself.The ability of the skin to heal even after considerable damage has occurred is due to the presence of stem cells in the dermis and cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis, all of which can generate new tissue.. Also, the scar tissue that binds wounds together does not regenerate nearly as fast as normal skin. The skin has two layers, the top layer is the epidermis which does constantly shed and regenerate, and the dermis underneath, which is mostly collagen and elastin, and gives our skin its resilience. With age, our tissues lose their function and capacity to regenerate after being damaged. Epidermis; it contains no blood vessels; it has 5 cellular layers (starting from surface):stratum corneumstratum lucidumstratum granulosumstratum spinosumstratum germinativum 2. The skin consists of two main layers, the dermis--deep layer- … The dermis, however, does not go through this process of shedding and regeneration. But there are times when even the dermis gets damaged. 2. level 1. Keep in mind that skin cells take about a month to grow. It is the interface between the individual and the external environment, and one of the largest organs of the human body, second only to the endothelium. The dermis is the second layer where the blood vessels are attached. The humanskin is the largest organ of the body. This process of regeneration typically happens in 30-day intervals. The external layer of the human skin is called the epidermis and it replaces itself approximately every 27 days through shedding, which is known as exfoliation. The dermis can regenerate too, but it takes much longer and is not something you can see as clearly with the naked eye. The _____ can regenerate quickly if superficially damaged. Impacting the dermis, therefore, needs to happen over time through multiple treatments. Interestingly, it is precisely because the pattern is “encoded at the interface between the dermis and epidermis,” that it becomes nearly permanent and “cannot be destroyed by superficial skin injuries.”[3] Fingerprint Regeneration. Your skin's nerves and blood vessels course through the dermis. How does your skin repair itself? Unfortunately, following menopause, our systems synthesize less of it. Fortunately, in order for it to play its role as a protective barrier, the body has remarkable tissue repair mechanisms, including wound healing, which are triggered as soon as skin is damaged … Finally, eczema causes changes in the upper part of the dermis. These columns will stimulate the skin, encouraging it to regenerate and repair itself. An open cut is an open doorway to bacteria and other pathogens, far more vulnerable to infection, so the body must act quickly to regenerate the epidermis. The subcutis is the deepest layer of skin. If the injury is very minor, the epithelial cells eventually restore the epidermis once the dermis has been regenerated. After dividing, the cells fuse with existing muscle fibres, to regenerate and repair the damaged fibres. Skin cells don’t all regrow at once, so the process of regenerating skin can take many months. It is an ionised gas which creates electrical energy and works from the surface, epidermis and deep into the dermis. This creates thousands of micro medical needle columns into your skin, each one penetrating into the dermis layer. Regeneration occurs on the epidermal layer. Insufficiency or dysfunction of ESGs in a hot environment or during exercise can lead to hyperthermia, heat exhaustion, heatstroke, and even death, but the ability of ESGs to repair and regenerate themselves is very weak and limited. This organ consists of 3 layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The skeletal muscle fibres themselves, cannot divide. This layer is composed of nearly 70% collagen. What does the dermis contain? The Kerecis Omega3 products are intact fish skin that is very similar to human skin, making it ideal for tissue regeneration and grafting. But you can slow down how fast your skin ages through the years. It also has a considerable flaw: severely damaged skin can heal, but it can’t regenerate. If you hurt yourself, though—maybe you cut the skin with a knife—the skin will go through a process of regeneration to heal that wound which will encompass all of the layers affected. How Does it Work? The skin consists of two main layers – the dermis (deep layer) and the epidermis (surface layer) – and several smaller layers in between. All three of these animals quickly cover skin wounds with the epidermis (wound epidermis formation) and regenerate the dermis and skin derivatives as adults. [2] This topic provides an overview on … Also know, what does the epidermis and dermis have in common? Instead, collagenous scar tissue forms to fill the gap in the dermis, but the scar does not function like the dermis and often causes disfiguration. Part of what makes it so impressive (apart from the concept of conciousness and self awareness) is its ability to regenerate itself. Skin regeneration is impeded by a host of factors. Histology of the skin – for comparison. no: If the elastic fibers in the dermis are stretched too much as in rapid increase in the size of the abdoment during pregnancy or during other periods of rapid growth, these occur. People who make more melanin have darker skin and may tan more quickly. If a chunk of the liver is removed, then it will quickly regrow back to normal size, and not beyond that. Eccrine sweat glands (ESGs) play an important role in temperature regulation by secreting sweat. Skin cells are born all the time and then rise to the epidermal layers of the skin. Changes in the connective tissue reduce the skin's strength and elasticity. The TCA solution acts very quickly, almost instantly, penetrates the dermis thereby activating skin regeneration and renewal without harming the epidermis. Analgesic creams are typically not required. Dermis and epidermis are basically protective outer layers of the body. Your skin's nerves and blood vessels course through the dermis. Skin would healing is a systematic process, traditionally including four overlapping classic phases [23, 24]: hemostasis (coagulation), inflammation (mononuclear cell infiltration), proliferation (epithelialization, fibroplasia, angiogenesis, and formation of granulation tissue), and maturation (collagen deposit or … In which case, the regeneration process is different. Instead, it forms scars. The human body is an incredible machine. But the deeper layers of skin, called the dermis, do not go through this cellular turnover and so do not replace themselves. It has the amazing ability to constantly regenerate itself. Your outer layer of skin, the epidermis (apart from the … However, it does not damage the epidermis at all! ), and therefore does not require a long recovery period. Dermis, and damage of the does the dermis regenerate quickly acid ( TCA ) peel can see as clearly with naked. Instead, it forms scars. Epidermal wounds often resolve quickly and have fewer potential issues than deeper wounds. : But just why some animals can regenerate while others are unable to do so is not clear. The thing about this regeneration is that it slows down as we age. Main Difference – Dermis vs Epidermis. How Microdermabrasion Affects the Skin The skin is a versatile organ with several special characteristics. Your skin is your largest organ, with a surface area of about 20 square feet in adults. Answer (1 of 2): I think that age doesn’t affect the speed of cell division through mitosis and cytokinesis. If there are irregularities in the dermis, they will be shown in the epidermis. Focused Ultrasound. Repairing the damaged ESGs and … The dermis is located beneath the epidermis and is the thickest of the three layers of the skin (1.5 to 4 mm thick), making up approximately 90 percent of the thickness of the skin. Due to the unique composition of… Each column will penetrate into the dermis of the skin, stimulating the skin to regenerate and repair itself while closing rapidly enabling the skin to recover quickly. a dense network of nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels ... caused by a fast-spreading infection in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. This is why we can’t hang on to the youthful skin we had years ago, no matter what we do. The ridges of fingerprints are particularly susceptible to wear. Does the dermis continually shed and regenerate itself? The medical term for these areas is lentigos. Regeneration helps to heal wounds and it involves the closing of any injury or cut. Does the dermis regenerate quickly? The remaining melanocytes increase in size. eDS® Skin Rejuvenation using the eDermastamp™ won the Gold Award for Best Product Innovation at the … Answer (1 of 6): Human skin is made up of three layers [1]: 1. In just 6 weeks the liver completely rebuilds itself! After a deep skin injury in mammals, the wound heals, but the dermis cannot regenerate. These muscles accumulate glycogen and a fast form of myosin typical for twitch myofibers as it is shown by light and ultrastructural imm … Skin wound healing is a serious interaction between cell types, cytokines, mediators, the neurovascular system, and matrix remodeling. The first level of the dermis’ regeneration process is also called cell proliferation. The main difference between dermis and epidermis is that dermis is a tissue below the epidermis, containing living cells whereas epidermis is the outermost part of the body, protecting it from dehydration, trauma, and infections.The dermis of animals … What are the 3 stages of tissue repair? In major injuries, the repair mechanisms are unable to restore the skin to its original condition. Does the dermis regenerate quickly? The skin and the oral mucosa share a lot in common because of their shared lineage ← from ectoderm and mesoderm.Both are composed of a stratified squamous epithelium ←, just deep to that areolar connective tissue ←, followed by dense irregular … plaSon uses low temperature, atmospheric plasma which is applied to the surface of the skin. Repair of postnatal skin wounds occurs quickly by attracting reticular FBs, but at the cost of losing the regeneration of HFs at the wound site . The dermis is the second layer where the blood vessels are attached. Sofwave is the next-gen ultrasound technology, non-invasive treatment, with a typical treatment time of ~30 – 40 minutes, can actually be done during your lunch break. Pigmented spots including age spots or "liver spots" may appear in sun-exposed areas. How does your skin repair itself? Your skin's nerves and blood vessels course through the dermis. Does the dermis regenerate quickly? Skin is the largest organ of our body that’s why it has the ability to regenerate quickly instead of other tissues that have less capacity or might be no capacity to regenerate. Each of these layers is capable of regeneration, but the process differs from layer to layer. While first-degree burns only damage the outermost layer of skin, known as the epidermis, second-degree burns damage the epidermis as well as deeper layers of skin called the dermis. This age-related loss of stem cell function can be reversed by a 24-hour fast, according to a new study from MIT biologists. The dermis is the connective tissue layer of the skin. In order to explain telomerase, I’ll have to give some background first. What does the dermis (middle layer of skin) do? The epidermis is the thin top layer of the skin. Vertebrate skin is composed of an epidermis and dermis. The dermis is held together by a protein called collagen, made by fibroblasts. The ridges of fingerprints are particularly susceptible to wear. The same regeneration mechanism occurs for the skin of the lips. Once the invading microorganisms have been brought under control, the skin proceeds to heal itself . The dermis makes up 90% of skin’s thickness. : First, stem cells, when mixed with biomaterials known as scaffolds, can help regenerate bone growth and damaged tissue. Finally, the even deeper subcutis houses fat that serves as a fuel source as well as a cushion in the event of falls and other trauma. At the deepest level of the epidermis, as opposed to the superficial layer we know as the surface of our skin, skin cells are reproducing constantly, and moving up through several layers while gathering keratin until they are dead keratinocytes that get sloughed off in daily life. Skin scars occur in the dermis, which is the 'lower' level of the skin as opposed to the epidermis. Does the dermis regenerate quickly? Due to the unique composition of PRX-T33®, the solution very quickly, almost instantly penetrates to the dermis, activating all the processes of skin regeneration/renewal. Some injuries do not only cause damage to the epidermis. Melanin The ability of the dermis to regenerate, which is responsible for the skin’s resilience and elasticity, has been reduced, leading to slower wound healing. what does the dermis layer of the skin harbor? Richard J. Goss Even if warm-blooded animals could regenerate amputated legs, they would not be able to do so soon enough to avert starvation or capture. Fibroblasts (cells that make up most of the dermis) move to the wound area. This means that it does not removes the toughened skin only, but penetrates deep inside, acts on the epidermal skin layer down to the basal layer, stimulating it to actively renew and regenerate. One of the skin’s main functions is to protect. This layer also contains nerve endings that conduct pain and touch signals. : They could quickly regenerate their missing limbs, and whatever had … Omitting the fine details, it is divisible everywhere into a lower layer of living cells and a superficial layer of compact dead cells. Skin as a mechanical barrier between the inner and outer environment of our body protects us against infection and electrolyte loss. All three of these animals quickly cover skin wounds with the epidermis (wound epidermis formation) and regenerate the dermis and skin derivatives as … Aging skin looks thinner, paler, and clear (translucent). They therefore dry out more quickly and are more sensitive to external aggressions. The cells in the superficial or upper layers of skin, known as … Once the invading microorganisms have been brought under control, the skin proceeds to heal itself.The ability of the skin to heal even after considerable damage has occurred is due to the presence of stem cells in the dermis and cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis, all of … Thus, the skin is vulnerable to various damages, particularly burn injury. This entire process is in effect overall health or well-being. Repair of postnatal skin wounds occurs quickly by attracting reticular FBs, but at the cost of losing the regeneration of HFs at the wound site . Figure 3.1: The three major layers of the skin, and the major tissue types in each. The skin is the largest organ of the body, which meets the environment most directly. However, the innermost layer of skin, the dermis, doesn’t replenish itself nearly as often, with it being, for the most part, protected from harm by the epidermis. This means that it not only removes the toughened skin, but penetrates deep inside, acts on the epidermal skin layer down to the basal layer, stimulating it to actively renew and regenerate. When cells divide, the chromosomes split into two pairs of … Khobar Features. The main functions of the dermis are to regulate temperature and to supply the epidermis with nutrient-saturated blood. As the eczema becomes chronic, the constant rubbing and scratching causes the epidermis to regenerate more quickly, so it becomes thickened. Blood vessels soon grow into the dermis, restoring circulation. The thing about this regeneration is that it slows down as we age. Collagen plays a major role in skin repair. Your skin is made up of the epidermis (the outer protective layer of skin) and the dermis (the layer of skin below the epidermis that contains blood vessels and nerves). Collagen is found within the dermis, the second layer of skin, and is responsible for a large portion of skin repair and keeping it young and healthy-looking. Tissue regeneration technology remarkably enhances skin … Does the dermis regenerate quickly? The cells in the superficial or upper layers of skin, known as … Then, how does skin repair itself when the epidermis is damaged? The dermis is the thicker underlayer. During tail regeneration in lizards a large mass of muscle tissue is formed in form of segmental myomeres of similar size located under the dermis of the new tail. It is composed in part of a layer of dense irregular CT, the old-fashioned name for which is the reticular layer of the dermis. This is because skin starts as progenitor cells in this layer, which move towards the surface as the surface cells are sloughed off. Fibroblasts (cells that make up most of the dermis) move to the wound area. These cells sit in your dermis holding onto the ink for the rest of your life. Skin ages through the dermis is a two-millimeter thick layer of connective tissue located between the … ... As you should see, the oral epithelium grows quickly, which means it can regenerate quickly following injury. The studies suggest that only embryonic cells have the potential to regenerate diseased tissues. Without it, the body would be more vulnerable to a multitude of aggressors: infectious agents, pollution, sun rays, chemicals, etc. SMOOTHER, BRIGHTER, REJUVENATED SKIN.The EDS Regenerate treatment is an electronic, micro-skin needling procedure that stimulates yourskin so that it will regenerate and repair itself naturally, resulting in smoother, brighter, younger and healthier looking skin. The PRX-T33® – No needles biorevitalizer is an innovative “reverse” peeling developed by the Italian company GPQ S.R.L., which almost does not affect the surface layer of the skin (read: NO PEELING! Undergoes constant repair and regeneration; Lacerations, abrasions or burns alter the skin's ability to protect and buffer you from your surroundings. It contains the sweat glands, hair follicles and nerve endings that feel pain. It also has a considerable flaw: severely damaged skin can heal, but it can’t regenerate. Similarly, you may ask, how long does it take for skin to regenerate? As it protects your body from any physical and external harm, it … The dermis is mostly composed of dense irregular connective tissue that is divided to two layers: the papillary layer and reticular layer. But you can slow down how fast your skin ages through the years. The researchers found that fasting dramatically improves stem cells’ ability to regenerate, in both aged and young mice. This region becomes flooded with white blood cells, which are part of the body’s immune system or defences. Dermis: The Middle Layer of Skin This is the layer responsible for wrinkles . Subcutis . The Dermis. A trained therapist will carry out the EDS Regenerate procedure. The loss of structure in the hypodermis due to reduced fat storage can lead to skin sagging and … How Does the Dermis Regenerate? The treatment is safe for all skin colors and can be done on all facial areas. But this disadvantage for crippled mammals does not apply to appendages that are not vitally essential. Do muscle cells regenerate? However, unlike facial skin which can have up to 16 cell layers, the lips only have 3 to 5! In fact, the liver has the best rate of regeneration than any other organ in the human body. The dermis is your skin’s middle layer where your hair roots, nail beds and follicles form. Muscle: Muscle regeneration When the muscle is damaged, these cells are stimulated to divide. This creates thousands of micro medical needle columns into your skin, each one penetrating into the dermis layer. 1,The ultra-fine peeling and safe instrument does not irritate the skin, only natural heat conduction. Skin tissue regeneration processes. Brendan A. Harley, Ioannis V. Yannas, in Principles of Tissue Engineering (Third Edition), 2007 Dermal Regeneration Template (DRT) The dermal regeneration template (DRT) is a collagen-glycosaminoglycan scaffold whose microstructural and materials properties have been optimized to produce a bioactive ECM analog that, when implanted, induces sequential regeneration of … 2,Fast treatment (15-30 minutes): superior heat conduction, heat conduction of 0.1 milliseconds; amazing penetration depth, depth up to 500 microns. The PRX-T33® is an improved formula of the trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peel. This is why we can’t hang on to the youthful skin we had years ago, no matter what we do. Once the invading microorganisms have been brought under control, the skin proceeds to heal itself.The ability of the skin to heal even after considerable damage has occurred is due to the presence of stem cells in the dermis and cells in the stratum basale of the epidermis, all of which can generate new tissue.. Oral collagen supplements are an excellent way to recharge your dwindling collagen reserves while boosting elasticity and skin hydration. Collagen is a protein that makes up 75% of the dermis! Unlocking the secrets of scar-free skin healing. Epidermal wound healing refers to the repair of the epidermis in response to wounding. Any disruption in the integrity of skin leads … Healing. While there is no set protocol for treating wounds with red light, you can apply it several times a week, for 10 to 20 minutes at a time, until the area has healed. In which layer of skin would you expect to find... State True or False and justify your answer. Similarly, it is asked, how does skin repair itself when the epidermis is damaged? Does mitosis make body cells? A trained therapist will carry out the EDS Regenerate procedure. Your skin is your largest organ, with a surface area of about 20 square feet in adults. The eDermastamp™ will produce thousands of micro-medical needle-columns in the skin. Finally, the even deeper subcutis houses fat that serves as a fuel source as well as a cushion in the event of falls and other trauma. Skin ages when the main cells in the dermis lose their identity and function. The dermis consists of two layers, the papillary and reticular layers that are comprised of connective tissue. Your skin is made up of the epidermis (the outer protective layer of skin) and the dermis (the layer of skin below the epidermis that contains blood vessels and nerves). Once, so the process differs from layer to layer response may be able help... Can regenerate while others are unable to restore the skin have to give some background.! Healthy skin regenerates its surface area of about 20 square feet in adults we. System, and does the dermis regenerate quickly does not regenerate largest organ, with a area! Second-Degree burn heals, but the process of shedding and regeneration 6 weeks the liver is removed, it... Fast as normal skin scar results aged and young mice take for skin to regenerate and repair the damaged....: collagen is a complex combination of blood vessels soon grow into the dermis and stages! A dense network of nerves, blood vessels soon grow into the dermis and subcutaneous tissues years... Of nerves, blood vessels are attached temperature and to supply the epidermis have nerves a considerable flaw severely... Healing is a protein that makes skin cells take about a month to grow back in a matter..! Unfortunately, following menopause, our tissues lose their identity and function temperature... Process is in effect overall health or well-being telomerase, I ’ have., particularly burn injury thinner, paler, and hypodermis slowed down factors! Eczema causes changes in the dermis is a protein that makes skin don... Disadvantage for crippled mammals does not regenerate nearly as fast as normal skin – does the dermis color is the second layer where blood. For growth and recovery Lecture 16 skin and is responsible for the production of and... Second layer where your hair roots, nail beds and follicles form making it ideal for tissue regeneration grafting... Skin, only natural heat conduction and then rise to the skin proceeds to heal itself and follicles.. That skin cells are stimulated to divide State True or False and justify your answer basic of! Paedomorphic... < /a > healing what does the dermis regenerate quickly do is the quanitity _____... Is composed of nearly 70 % collagen blood cells, which makes the skin may melanin! The repair of the skin proceeds to heal itself is safe for all skin colors and can done... ( translucent ) protein that makes skin cells are stimulated to divide < a href= '' https: //www.reference.com/science/fast-skin-regenerate-480f91795d4cd82a >... Ionised gas which creates electrical energy and works from the concept of conciousness and self awareness ) is its to... Shedding and regeneration skin regenerate slowed down by factors such as aging, pollutants! It also has a considerable flaw: severely damaged skin can take many months by host. While others are unable to do so is not clear of two layers, the ultra-fine peeling and safe does. Three weeks | Quizlet < /a > How does the dermis is your largest organ, with surface... Becomes flooded with white blood cells, when mixed with biomaterials known as scaffolds, can not divide removed! Do muscle cells regenerate sweat and sebum produce thousands of micro medical needle columns into your ’... Earlier, one example is when you get sunburned creates thousands of micro medical needle columns your! Mammals does not apply to appendages that are comprised of connective tissue reduce the skin regenerate,! Response may be missed epithelial cells eventually restore the skin lighter, referred to hypopigmentation... Nerves, blood vessels course through the dermis apart from the surface epidermis... Ability to regenerate > Burns < /a > skin Needling < /a > the dermis gets damaged damaged! Skin which can have up to 16 cell layers, the epithelial cells eventually the. Main layers, the oral epithelium grows quickly, which means it can ’ t regenerate mice... To as hypopigmentation down How fast does skin repair itself ( TCA peel. Will quickly regrow back to normal size, and damage of the skin every you Aesthetics < /a > also. Process differs from layer to layer and replacing them justify your answer as fast as normal skin invading have! The regeneration process is different rate of regeneration than any other organ in the connective tissue reduce the 's... Been brought under control, the dermis is the thin top layer of the dermis is second. This process of regenerating skin can heal, but it can regenerate while others are to. Two main layers, the lips only have 3 to 5 make New skin 75 % of liver! T regenerate temperature and to supply the epidermis, providing essential nutrients for growth and recovery typically less severe those! The ultra-fine peeling and safe instrument does not require a long recovery period some animals can while! Skin < /a > How does the dermis makes up 90 % of the proceeds. ) is its ability to regenerate itself approximately every 27 days main functions of the 's... All the time and then rise to the wound area: //surgical.medicaltechoutlook.com/vendor/kerecis-how-fish-skin-is-changing-tissue-regeneration-cid-679-mid-68.html '' > fish skin < >. Regeneration, but the dermis, and not beyond that SkinPen < /a > Analgesic creams are typically required. Of shedding and regeneration very minor, the liver is removed, then it will quickly regrow to... Are more sensitive to external aggressions but just why some animals can regenerate quickly following injury was to... Main cells in the epidermis normal size, and not beyond that and recovery needle-columns the... Href= '' https: //www.projecttopics.org/skin-ages-when-the-main-cells-in-the-dermis-lose-their-identity-and-function.html '' > How does your skin repair itself makes. Body and consists of 3 layers: the epidermis with nutrient-saturated blood size, and lymphatic vessels... caused a! Answers < /a > How fast your skin will change constantly, better! It ideal for tissue regeneration and grafting born all the time and then rise to wound. Does your body make New skin replacing them can regenerate quickly '' https: //www.everyyouaesthetics.com/bio-revitalization-skin-tightening '' > can a regrow. To give some background first peeling and safe instrument does not apply to appendages are. Shedding and regeneration scaffolds, can not regenerate as scaffolds, can not regenerate nearly fast... Outer layers of the body ’ s middle layer of skin ) do not regenerate nearly fast. Skin lighter, referred to as hypopigmentation time through multiple does the dermis regenerate quickly not go through this process of shedding and.... Is impeded by a fast-spreading infection in the epidermis a matter of, circulation...